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What Is Kyphosis?

Kyphosis is an abnormal alignment of the spine. It describes excessive flexion of the spinal elements or bones in the forward direction and can occur throughout the spine in short or long segments. In the neck it causes dropping of the head with overall imbalance of the spinal mechanics which causes extra work for the neck muscles to support the weight of the head.  In the upper, thoracic spine and outward curve of the spine in the upper back, creating a rounded or hunchback appearance. While a small amount of curvature is normal in the thoracic spine (the middle part of the back), an exaggerated curve can lead to discomfort, pain, and potential complications if left untreated. Kyphosis can be congenital (present at birth), postural (developing due to poor posture), traumatic (due to fractures or disk damage) or degenerative (due to aging and conditions like osteoporosis).

Kyphosis

Medical professional palpating the neck and upper shoulder of a seated patient

How Does Kyphosis Affect the Body?

Kyphosis can lead to a range of physical symptoms, including:

  • Back pain: The abnormal curve can place strain on the spine, leading to pain and stiffness.
  • Decreased mobility: A hunchback appearance may limit a person's ability to move freely and comfortably.
  • Difficulty breathing: In severe cases, kyphosis can affect the lungs, making it difficult to breathe deeply.
  • Postural changes: Kyphosis can result in poor posture and imbalance, affecting overall body alignment.

What Causes Kyphosis?

There are several types of kyphosis, each with different underlying causes:

Postural Kyphosis

This is the most common form, often seen in adolescents. It results from poor posture over time, causing the spine to curve abnormally. Postural kyphosis is usually flexible and can improve with posture correction and physical therapy.

Scheuermann’s Kyphosis

This is a more severe form that typically develops during adolescence. It occurs when the vertebrae grow unevenly, creating a wedge shape that results in a more pronounced curve. It may require treatment beyond just improving posture.

Degenerative Kyphosis

This type of kyphosis occurs in older adults as a result of age-related spinal degeneration, including osteoporosis, fractures, or arthritis. The weakening of the vertebrae due to these conditions can cause the spine to bend forward abnormally.

Congenital Kyphosis

This is a rare form of kyphosis that is present at birth. It results from abnormal spinal development during fetal growth, causing the vertebrae to form improperly.

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Symptoms of Kyphosis

The severity of symptoms can vary, but common signs of kyphosis include:

  • Visible curvature of the spine or a humped back
  • Back pain or discomfort, especially after prolonged sitting or standing
  • Muscle fatigue or tightness in the back
  • Reduced flexibility or mobility
  • Difficulty maintaining balance or standing upright
  • In severe cases, difficulty breathing or lung issues
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Treatment Options for Kyphosis

Treatment for kyphosis depends on the severity of the curvature and the underlying cause. In mild cases, conservative treatments may be sufficient, while more severe cases may require surgical intervention. Common treatment options include:

Physical Therapy

Strengthening the back and core muscles through targeted exercises can help improve posture, reduce pain, and prevent the curve from worsening.

Bracing

For adolescents with postural or Scheuermann’s kyphosis, wearing a back brace may help prevent further curvature and support the spine while it is still growing.

Medications

Pain relief medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can be used to manage discomfort and inflammation associated with kyphosis.

Surgery

In severe cases or when kyphosis causes significant pain, nerve compression, or breathing problems, surgery may be necessary. Spinal fusion surgery or corrective procedures can help restore the spine's alignment and prevent further progression of the curve.

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Why Choose Gerling Spine Care and Research Institute for Kyphosis Treatment?

At Gerling Spine Care and Research Institute, we specialize in diagnosing and treating kyphosis with a focus on both non-invasive and surgical options. Led by Dr. Michael Gerling and supported by Dr. Zorica Buser, our team is committed to providing the highest level of care, ensuring that every treatment plan is tailored to meet the individual needs of each patient. We use the latest advancements in spinal care, offering personalized solutions that aim to reduce pain, improve posture, and restore function. Whether you are dealing with mild kyphosis or a more severe case, we are here to help you find the best path to recovery and improved quality of life. If you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms of kyphosis, contact us today to schedule a consultation and learn more about our effective treatment options.

Our Locations

Gerling Spinecare & Research Institute consists of NY Orthopedics & Gerling Institute NJ. Two practices, one standard of excellence.

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Relief starts with quality orthopedic care. Contact us today to take the next step toward a more active, pain-free life.

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